Sermon 168 is set in a historical context when Amir al-Mu’minin (a.s.) approached Basra. At that time, there was a group in Basra that harbored doubts about Imam Ali's position regarding the people of Jamal, who were in opposition. This group sent a man to the Imam to clarify his stance and dispel their doubts. The Imam explained his position, making it clear that he was on the side of truth. This sermon was delivered at a crucial moment when the Imam felt the need to guide the people towards the truth and leadership.

The main themes of this sermon include the recognition of truth, insight, and loyalty. The Imam told the man that now that the truth was clear to him, he should pledge allegiance. The man responded that he was merely a messenger for his people and could not take any steps until he returned to them. The Imam illustrated his point by asking the man what he would do if his people sent him to find a pasture with grass and water, and upon his return, they rejected his advice and chose a barren place instead.

The man replied that he would abandon them and go towards the place with grass and water. The Imam then said that if he would indeed do that, he should extend his hand for allegiance. The man realized the truth and subsequently pledged allegiance to the Imam. This incident teaches us that once the truth is recognized, one must stand firm on their principles, regardless of the actions of those around them.

From this sermon, we also learn the importance of holding onto one’s insight and being prepared to follow the path of truth, even when circumstances are challenging. Imam Ali (a.s.) not only clarified the truth but also instilled a sense of responsibility in the people, urging them to act upon their understanding of right and wrong.