In Sermon (171), Imam Ali (peace be upon him) addresses the issue of the caliphate, which is a pivotal moment in Islamic history. This sermon was particularly delivered during a time when divisions regarding the caliphate were intensifying within the Muslim community. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) clearly states that the most deserving of this caliphate is the one who possesses the greatest ability to maintain its order and is most knowledgeable about Allah's commands regarding it. This assertion was crucial given the political climate of the time, where many were claiming the caliphate for self-serving reasons.

Imam Ali (peace be upon him) emphasizes that if a seditious person stirs up trouble, he should first be given a chance to repent, and if he refuses, then he should be fought against. This teaches us that the right to leadership belongs only to those who are capable and who uphold their commitments to Allah. Furthermore, Imam stresses that the decisions regarding the caliphate do not necessarily require the presence of all Muslims, but should rather be in the hands of those with knowledge and insight.

In this sermon, Imam Ali (peace be upon him) also underscores the importance of piety. He states that among all the things people should advise each other, piety is the best. This highlights that the path to spiritual growth and worldly success is through piety. He urges the Muslims to be wary of the deceptions of this world and to turn their hearts towards the Hereafter.

This sermon teaches us to not become enamored with worldly possessions, but rather to safeguard our faith. If we protect the principles of our religion, then the loss of any worldly thing cannot harm us. Imam Ali (peace be upon him) concludes the sermon with a prayer for Allah to turn our hearts towards the truth and grant us patience. This prayer serves as a reminder that Allah's assistance is always with us if we walk in His path.