In Sermon (166), Imam Ali (a.s.) addressed a critical historical moment when, after his allegiance, a group of companions urged him to take retribution against the killers of Uthman. This incident occurred during a time of intense political turmoil within the Islamic community, where different factions were in conflict with one another. The Imam demonstrated wisdom and insight in his response.

The Imam stated that he was not unaware of the situation but questioned his own power to act against those who were currently strong. He emphasized that the attackers had gained the upper hand and were in a position to dominate. His words highlight the importance of understanding the balance of power in leadership.

He noted that opinions among the people would be divided, with some supporting retribution and others opposing it, while some would remain neutral. This teaches us the necessity of patience and restraint in social issues, advising against hasty decisions. The Imam suggested allowing people to settle down so that their hearts might find peace and rights could be obtained more easily.

This sermon also imparts the lesson that prudence and wisdom should govern any conflict or war. The Imam indicated that he would refrain from war for as long as possible, and only resort to it as a last measure. His words convey the message that the use of force should always be a last resort, and efforts should first be made to manage the situation peacefully.