He says the most hateful people to Allah are two types. The first is one whom Allah has left to his own soul, so that he strays from the straight path, loves innovation and is consumed with calling to misguidance, becoming a trial for his followers and a deserter of the guidance of the ancients. He misleads everyone who follows him in life or after his death, bearing their burdens along with his own sins. The second type is a man who has gathered scraps of ignorance, roaming among the ignorant of the community, immersed in the darkness of trials and blind to the benefits of peace. A few people with human faces have called him a scholar, but he is not a scholar. He drinks from filthy water and hoards useless words until he sits among people as a judge, taking on the task of deciding doubtful matters. When a complex case is brought to him, he stitches together worn‑out arguments from his own opinion and convinces himself of them, yet he is ensnared in doubts like a spider trapped in its own web. He does not know whether he has judged correctly or wrongly; if he happens to be right, he fears he may be wrong, and if he is wrong he hopes he might be right. He is ignorant, wandering in ignorance, riding beasts of darkness with a dim sight. He has neither tested the reality of knowledge nor reached its depth. He scatters reports as the wind scatters dry straw. By Allah, he is unfit to solve the issues brought to him and unworthy of the position he holds. What he does not know he considers to be nothing worth knowing, and he imagines that no one can surpass the limit of his own understanding. Wrongly shed blood cry out because of his rulings, and misappropriated inheritances lament. Among such people, nothing is cheaper than the Qur’an when it is recited as it should be, and nothing more prized than the Qur’an when its verses are twisted and misapplied.